Comparing a Cottonmouth and a Cobra
The 6 main differences between a Cottonmouth and a Cobra
The main differences between a cottonmouth and a cobra are their size, venom, and distribution. Cottonmouths and cobras are widely regarded as dangerous snakes, although they have widely disparate ranges and wouldn’t ever meet naturally. Although they are both venomous snakes, they aren’t closely related to one another. Cottonmouths belong to a group known as the “pit vipers” in North America, including the copperhead and all rattlesnake species. On the other hand, cobras belong to the Elapidae family and are more closely related to sea snakes and coral snakes. To be classified as a “true cobra,” a snake must belong to the Naja genus. Both snakes are large, just in different ways. Cottonmouths are the smaller of the two but are significantly thicker than cobras. They rarely grow past 3 feet but are pretty stout and flat. Cobras are extremely long and slender snakes. Most species of cobra can grow over 6 feet, with many species able to reach 10 feet with regularity. Although both snakes are venomous, cottonmouths are significantly less dangerous than even the least dangerous of all cobra species. Between the three common venomous snakes in the US, cottonmouths usually rank second, between the less dangerous copperhead and the famously deadly rattlesnake. Let’s take a deeper look at these differences, plus a few more, below!
Cottonmouth vs Cobra: Taxonomy
All snakes share a common ancestor, but the cottonmouth and the cobra still aren’t as closely related as some other snakes are. Cottonmouths belong to the Viperidae family, classifying them as vipers. Vipers live almost everywhere on earth and are famous for their venom. More specifically, cottonmouths are members of the Agkistrodon genus, otherwise known as American moccasins or American pit vipers. The other pit vipers related to the cottonmouth include copperheads and all species of rattlesnake. Incredibly, there are over 50 common names that the two species of cottonmouth go by. “Cobra” is a commonly used term for many different snakes, but only members of the Naja genus are classified as “true” cobras. The famous King cobra, for example, isn’t actually a cobra belonging to the Naja genus, although it carries the common name “cobra.” Altogether, there are about 38 species of snake classified as true cobras, although revisions are still underway in the literature.
Cottonmouth vs Cobra: Size
Cottonmouths are smaller than the average cobra but generally aren’t considered to be small snakes. They rarely grow over 3 feet but are extremely thick and stocky in their build. Cobras are extremely long snakes but are much slenderer than cottonmouths. Most cobras grow to 6 feet, with certain species regularly growing over 10 feet long.
Cottonmouth vs Cobra: Hoods
Cottonmouths don’t have hoods, but cobras do. Their “hoods” are usually a response to a potential threat and are one of the distinctive characteristics of cobras. When a cobra feels threatened, it will flatten its neck in order to make itself look larger.
Cottonmouth vs Cobra: Venom
Cottonmouths are highly venomous snakes but rarely fatal. They are known for their cytotoxic venom that damages tissue in the local region. Occasionally, untreated bites result in amputation, with fatal bites exceedingly rare. Cottonmouths have an LD50 kill value (LD50 represents the amount of venom to kill 50% of test animals) of 25.8 mg/kg if injected subcutaneously. Cobras have varying levels of venom toxicity across the various species, but overall, cobras are among the most dangerous snakes in the world. The most dangerous cobra is the Caspian cobra, with an LD50 of 0.1 mg/kg if injected just under the skin.
Cottonmouth vs Cobra: Distribution
The cottonmouth is exclusively found in the southeastern region of the United States. Their range extends along the east coast into Virginia and Maryland and as far west as central Texas. Cobras are much more widely distributed than cottonmouths. They can be found across southern Africa, most of Asia, and Indonesia.
Cottonmouth vs Cobra: Defense posturing
The defense posturing of a cottonmouth is what gives its famous name. When threatened, cottonmouths coil up and display their bright white mouths, hence the name “cottonmouth.” Cobras also have a famous posture, one that gives them their famous hoods. When threatened, they flatten their necks in order to look larger and potentially scare away predators. At the same time, they raise a quarter of their bodies in the air in the “snake charmer” position. In some species, this behavior allows them to effectively spit poison into the eyes of a threat.
